DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Short stature in children is a significant pediatric concern, often indicating underlying nutritional, endocrine, or chronic health issues. Early recognition is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan, where access to healthcare and maternal awareness remains inconsistent. Maternal perception plays a vital role in early detection, yet socio-economic disparities and limited health literacy frequently hinder accurate identification and delay care-seeking behavior.
Objective: To validate maternal identification and self-assessment of short stature and assess maternal knowledge and perceptions regarding the condition.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, Pakistan, from January 2 to July 21, 2024. A total of 363 mothers of children aged 2 to 12 years were recruited. Height measurements were taken using a calibrated stadiometer and plotted against WHO growth charts. Data were collected through three validated instruments: a Demographic and Clinical Information Form, a structured Knowledge Questionnaire, and a Perception Questionnaire. Knowledge was categorized as poor (<50%), fair (50–75%), or good (>75%). Perception accuracy was compared against confirmed clinical diagnoses. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.
Results: Among the 363 children, 274 (75.5%) were clinically confirmed to have short stature, with 199 (72.6%) falling below the 3rd percentile. Poor maternal knowledge was found in 144 (43.2%) participants and was significantly associated with the child’s age (p = 0.032), maternal education (p = 0.012), and employment status (p = 0.029). Perception analysis showed that 195 (57.7%) mothers underestimated their child's height status, while 143 (42.3%) demonstrated accurate perception. Sensitivity and PPV of maternal perception were 57.4% and 61.6%, respectively, whereas specificity and NPV were 0%.
Conclusion: While maternal perception shows moderate sensitivity in detecting short stature, substantial knowledge gaps and frequent misperceptions emphasize the need for targeted maternal education and structured child growth monitoring strategies.