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Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia. Metformin remains the cornerstone of T2DM therapy, yet emerging evidence suggests vitamin D supplementation may enhance glycemic control due to its role in insulin sensitivity and secretion.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of metformin combined with vitamin D supplementation versus metformin alone in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. A total of 140 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received metformin (500 mg/day) plus vitamin D (200,000 IU/month), and Group B received metformin alone, over a period of three months. Demographic data, baseline HbA1c levels, and post-treatment values were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: Both groups were demographically comparable. The mean baseline HbA1c levels were 63.5 mmol/mol in Group A and 63.2 mmol/mol in Group B. After three months, Group A showed a greater mean reduction in HbA1c (10.1 mmol/mol) compared to Group B (7.2 mmol/mol), indicating statistically significant improvement in glycemic control with the addition of vitamin D. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct to metformin therapy demonstrated superior reduction in HbA1c levels among T2DM patients. These findings support the integration of vitamin D in diabetes management, particularly in regions with high prevalence of deficiency.