DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface disorder affecting 5% to 50% of the global adult population. Characterized by tear film instability and ocular surface inflammation, it significantly impairs visual function and quality of life. The modern reliance on digital devices has heightened the risk of DED, as reduced blink rate and incomplete blinking during screen use compromise tear film dynamics and ocular surface protection.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency and severity of dry eye symptoms among digital screen users at PIRS Isra University Islamabad Campus and to evaluate tear film stability using non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT).
Methods: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months using non-probability purposive sampling. A total of 139 participants aged 18 years and older were recruited. Data collection tools included a self-designed performa documenting screen habits and clinical findings, and the validated Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. Tear film stability was objectively assessed through NIBUT using a keratometer.
Results: All participants (100%) reported mobile phone usage, and 43.1% (n=60) used screens for more than six hours daily. According to NIBUT, dry eye disease in the right eye was observed in 56.8% of participants (mild: 8.6%, moderate: 30.2%, severe: 18%), while the left eye showed 58.3% with dry eye (mild: 17.3%, moderate: 18.7%, severe: 22.3%). SPEED scores indicated that 89.2% of participants had symptoms of dry eye, with 28.8% classified as mild, 25.9% moderate, and 34.5% severe.
Conclusion: Dry eye disease was highly prevalent among digital screen users, emphasizing the need for routine screening and preventive measures, especially in populations with prolonged screen exposure.