DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a physiologically and emotionally dynamic phase that significantly influences both maternal and fetal well-being. The lifestyle and daily routines adopted during this period play a crucial role in shaping outcomes. Among modifiable factors, physical activity has been identified as an effective tool in maintaining mental health and reducing antenatal depression, which in turn impacts functional ability and quality of life.
Objective: To assess the level of depression and its association with activities of daily living (ADLs) among pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Lady Willingdon Hospital and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. A total of 200 pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Depression levels were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), categorized as mild (7–13), moderate (14–19), and severe (20–30). Functional status was measured using the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (ADLs), categorized as severe (1–2), moderate (3–4), and mild (5–6) impairment. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study.
Results: Of the 200 participants, 73 (36.5%) were aged 20–25 years, 68 (34%) were 25–30 years, and 59 (29.5%) were 30–35 years. Based on EPDS, 118 women (59%) had mild depression, 52 (26%) moderate, and 30 (15%) severe. According to ADLs, 40 participants (20%) had severely affected functioning, 54 (27%) had moderate, and 106 (53%) had mild impairment. A statistically significant association was found between depression severity and ADL impairment (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: The study concluded that antenatal depression is significantly associated with impairment in activities of daily living, and highlights the importance of addressing mental health to maintain maternal functionality during pregnancy.