DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Timely diagnosis, informed decision-making, and preventive care are critical to effective healthcare systems. These functions rely heavily on individuals’ ability to understand and utilize health information, especially regarding laboratory testing. In low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan, low health literacy and limited awareness of diagnostic services continue to hinder early disease detection and management. Identifying gaps in laboratory testing awareness can inform public health strategies aimed at improving outcomes and promoting preventive care behaviors.
Objective: To assess the level of health literacy and awareness of laboratory testing among the literate population in Pakistan and to identify associated barriers to diagnostic utilization.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2025 using a structured online questionnaire distributed nationwide across all provinces and Islamabad. The sample included 518 literate individuals aged 16 years and above. Data were collected on demographics, awareness of diagnostic services, health status, and perceptions toward laboratory testing. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.
Results: Among 518 respondents, 440 (84.9%) were aged 16–30 years, and 270 (52.1%) were female. Despite 86.7% agreeing that annual laboratory testing aids in early diagnosis, only 137 individuals (26.4%) had undergone a CBC test in the last six months. A total of 172 participants (33.2%) did not know their blood group, and 60 (11.6%) expressed disinterest in learning it. Chronic diseases were reported by 340 individuals, with specific conditions including diabetes (n=10), cardiovascular disease (n=6), cancer (n=2), and kidney disorders (n=8). Additionally, 129 respondents (25%) declined to disclose their health conditions.
Conclusion: The study reveals a significant gap between awareness and actual practice regarding laboratory testing in Pakistan. Targeted educational efforts and accessible diagnostic services are essential to bridge this divide and promote preventive healthcare.