DefinePK

Abstract

The human being is the central axis of the universe, carrying within himself the purpose, responsibility, and relationships that give meaning to worldly existence. Man not only strives for his survival but also embodies moral, social, and spiritual duties that shape his life. Created by Allah as the most honored of all beings, human existence is elevated in status, and it is through self-realization that one may truly come to know the Creator. The question of existence, therefore, holds a significant place in both philosophical and theological discourse. From ancient philosophers to modern thinkers, the concept of existence has remained a critical topic, ultimately giving rise to the philosophical movement known as Existentialism. The 20th century, marked by scientific advancements, world wars, and rapid societal transformation, saw a heightened interest in this school of thought. As rationalism dominated the intellectual landscape, existentialism emerged both in response to and in resistance against it focusing instead on individual freedom, choice, alienation, and the search for meaning. This paper explores the core concepts of existentialism, its historical development, and its philosophical foundations. Furthermore, it highlights how existentialist ideas permeated literature, influencing themes, characters, and narrative structures. The study underscores the relevance of existentialism in understanding the human condition and its deep resonance in both modern and postmodern literary works. By linking the existential quest with spiritual and philosophical inquiry, the paper offers insights into how human beings grapple with meaning in a complex, often contradictory world.