DefinePK

Abstract

This article explores the central role of Tawheed (the concept of monotheism) in shaping the philosophical and poetic vision of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. For Iqbal, Tawheed is not merely a theological doctrine but a dynamic and revolutionary force that breathes vitality into the individual and the collective Muslim identity. The paper traces the roots of Iqbal’s concept of Tawheed in his spiritual upbringing and Qur’anic reflection, distancing it from speculative theology and pantheistic mysticism. It examines how Tawheed informs his notions of Khudi (selfhood), spiritual freedom, political unity, and intellectual awakening. The study reveals that Iqbal’s poetry is a poetic manifesto of Tawheed, invoking moral empowerment, cultural resistance, and existential purpose. Furthermore, the article assesses the impact of Tawheed on Iqbal’s aesthetics, historical vision, and his critique of both materialism and passive mysticism. By embedding Tawheed into the heart of his poetic and philosophical discourse, Iqbal offers a holistic worldview where belief, action, creativity, and human dignity converge under the banner of divine unity.