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Abstract

   
Naguib Mahfouz holds a pivotal position not only in Arabic literature but also in global novel writing, with his works profoundly exploring the theme of social justice. Central to Mahfouz’s narratives is a critique of Egypt's class system, poverty, and exploitation, reflecting broader questions related to human rights, equality, and moral responsibilities. Through his characters and their stories, Mahfouz engages in a literary battle against social injustice, awakening social consciousness not just within the Arab world, but on a global scale. This abstract delves into various aspects of social justice as portrayed in his works, highlighting Mahfouz’s significant influence on both Egyptian and world literature. Mahfouz’s exploration of social justice illustrates that literature is not merely a means of entertainment but can serve as a powerful instrument for social change. His novels have sparked public discourse on issues such as poverty, women's rights, and political reforms, challenging readers to confront the realities of their societies. Mahfouz asserts that the purpose of literature is to reconnect individuals with their human dignity, emphasizing that justice transcends legal definitions and embodies a moral obligation. This research paper concludes that in Mahfouz's novels, the theme of social justice is not just a narrative device; it represents a struggle for human existence itself. His literary creations compel readers to reconsider the essence of justice as an ethical duty, challenging societal norms and inspiring a collective awakening towards a more just world. Ultimately, Mahfouz's legacy is a testament to the profound connection between literature and social responsibility, positioning his works as essential contributions to both Arabic and global literary landscapes
Key Words: Naguib Mahfouz, Social Justice, Literature, Human Rights, Moral Obligation, Social Change Novel