DefinePK

Abstract

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), launched in 2013, with an investment of $62 billion, has been hailed as a transformative initiative aimed at enhancing economic growth, connectivity, and infrastructure in Pakistan. For Balochistan, CPEC offers significant opportunities including the development of Gwadar Port, road networks, energy projects, and the establishment of special economic zones. However, the socio-economic impacts of CPEC on Balochistan remain contentious, prompting debates on whether it is a blessing or a curse for the province. While the federal government views CPEC as a game-changer, Baloch nationalist leaders, Politicians and academics highlight concerns over marginalization, inequitable resource distribution, demographic changes, and a lack of consultation with local stakeholders. The disproportionate allocation of energy projects and fears of exploitation of Balochistan’s natural resources have fueled dissatisfaction with nationalists threatening potential cultural and economic alienation. Moreover, the insurgency and targeted attacks against CPEC infrastructure have further complicated its implementation. Critics draw parallels with historical patterns of resource exploitation, raising questions about Balochistan’s ownership of strategic assets like Gwadar Port and the implications of Chinese loans. This paper analyzes the dual socio-economic impacts of CPEC on Balochistan, exploring whether it represents a development path or perpetuates the province’s marginalization, and offers recommendations to address local concerns and foster inclusive growth.