DefinePK

Abstract

The need for food is growing as the world's population is rising especially in developing countries. The utilization of Variable Rate Fertilization (VRT) is deemed essential when taking into account economic and productivity aspects. For VRT, several approaches are used, including sensor-based technology that makes use of smart devices and map-based technology based on Global Positioning System (GPS). Different control methods, such as PID controllers and fuzzy PID controllers, are used to calculate the optimal amount of fertilizer for crops. By improving accuracy and reducing system deficiencies, these controllers guarantee that fertilizer is applied precisely. The findings show that while map-based technology is more straightforward and less expensive for calculating fertilizer requirements, sensor-based technology outperforms it in terms of precision. The PID controller successfully lowers settling time and error, but it also has a tendency to stray from its steady state when there are little disturbances, according to controller performance study. Conversely, fuzzy PID displays a more stable state but has more overshoot. Furthermore, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is frequently utilized with tools like green seeker in Variable Rate Technology (VRT) for agriculture. Plant vigor is measured using NDVI data, which is obtained from remote sensing and is used to evaluate crop health. With its optical sensors, green seeker reads NDVI measurements in real time, enabling precise variable-rate input application dependent on crop circumstances in order to optimally increase yield.