DefinePK

Abstract

Graphene has made it a revolutionary material in technological and scientific developments due to its 2D structure and by its amazing mechanical, optical, electrical and thermal properties. This review article explores the SP2 structure of graphene including its atomic arrangements in which hexagonally arranged carbon atoms form a honeycomb like structure. It examines the wonderful graphene attributes including chemical functionalization, impermeability, unparalleled tensile strength, remarkable electrical and thermal conductivity and optical transparency from the perspectives of fundamental physics and materials science. In this study thoroughly reviewed the mechanical exfoliation approach for synthesizing the high-quality graphene with a focus of its simple methodology and examines the advanced approaches for modifying the properties of graphene using several doping techniques including electrical and chemical modification and by structural confinement. These methods make it possible to precisely control the chemical as well as electrical characteristics of graphene and create potential for specialized applications. The article additionally discusses graphene's many uses in fields such as flexible electronics, batteries, field effect transistors, photonics devices and touch screens. By combining insight from theoretical and applied research, this review article tries to provide a comprehensive knowledge of graphene's multifaceted nature and its innovative impact on improving modern science and technology.