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Abstract

This article provides an analytical review of the problems related to the implementation of Musharakah (partnership) and Mudaraba (profit sharing) agreements in contemporary Islamic banking and their possible solutions. Although these profit and loss sharing (PLS) instruments are central to the Islamic banking system, their practical application faces several obstacles. The research identifies key issues, include profit rates, differences between Islamic and conventional banking, transactions of Islamic banks with conventional banks, profit sharing mechanism, etc. To address these challenges, the study explores possible solutions. The analysis concludes by emphasizing the need for a multi-faceted approach. In which a renewed focus is placed on regulatory reform, industrial cooperation, and the fundamental principles of Islamic finance to unlock the full potential of Musharakah and Mudaraba to promote equitable and sustainable economic growth. This paper calls for further research and further reforms in Islamic banking.