DefinePK

Abstract

In current years, an important enhancement in environment degradation has been realized worldwide. This transformation in the environment not only interrupts the existence of the people but also effects the economic situations of the nations. This study emphasis on the BRICS nations in particular to inspect foreign direct investment, renewable energy, nonrenewable energy consumption, and economic growth, and environmental impacts. This study investigates the long-run impact of renewable energy consumption (REC), non-renewable energy consumption (NREC), foreign direct investment (FDI), and economic growth (GDP) on CO? emissions, in a panel of BRICS countries from 2000 to 2024. Panel yearly data is taken from WDI data source. Using the Panel ARDL methodology, the study explores dynamic relationships among these variables. The findings reveal that FDI and GDP have a statistically significant and positive impact on CO? emissions, suggesting that higher levels of economic activity and foreign investment are associated with increased environmental pressure. Conversely, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption show a negative but mixed influence, with renewable energy having an insignificant effect and non-renewable energy displaying a significant negative relationship.