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Abstract

It is undeniable that Allama Iqbal drew upon Western philosophical ideas to enrich and solidify his poetic vision and intellectual pursuits. He engaged deeply with the critical and renewal theories of Immanuel Kant on human reason, Henri Bergson’s concept of time and intuition, and Friedrich Nietzsche’s critique of liberal bourgeois society along with his idea of the Ubermensch (Superman). In matters of human nature and society, Hegel’s theories on human consciousness and Karl Marx’s materialist dialectics also played a significant role in Iqbal’s engagement with Western literature and philosophy. This paper explores the shared themes and contrasts between Iqbal’s concept of selfhood (Khudi) and the ideas of Western philosophers, highlighting how his poetry and prose embody and critique nations of Europe and the West. Iqbal’s thought is characterized by revolutionary fervor, vibrancy, and innovation, gaining recognition on a global scale. Through his philosophy and literary works, Iqbal sought to invigorate a stagnant and subjugated society with movement, transformation, and revolutionary zeal, contrasting with some Western philosophers’ tendencies to diminish the spirit of action through abstract theorizing. For Iqbal, the purpose of a thinker, philosopher, and poet was to change the world and inspire transformation.
References in Roman Script:

Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Sharh-e-Payam-e-Mashriq dar Jawab Deewan-e-Sha'ir Almani Goethe, mutarjim: Professor Yusuf Saleem Chishti, Maktaba Taameer Insaniyat, Lahore, na qabil-e-ta'yeen tareekh, p 467.
Jagan Nath Azad, Iqbal aur Maghribi Mufakkireen, Book Corner, Jhelum, 2016, p 55.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Sharh-e-Payam-e-Mashriq dar Jawab Deewan-e-Sha'ir Almani Goethe, mutarjim: Professor Yusuf Saleem Chishti, Maktaba Taameer Insaniyat, Lahore, na qabil-e-ta'yeen tareekh, p 516.
Yusuf Saleem Chishti, Professor, Sharh-e-Payam-e-Mashriq dar Jawab Deewan-e-Sha'ir Almani Goethe, Maktaba Taameer Insaniyat, Lahore, na qabil-e-ta'yeen tareekh, p 518.
Ibid, p 560.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Sharh-e-Payam-e-Mashriq dar Jawab Deewan-e-Sha'ir Almani Goethe, mutarjim: Professor Yusuf Saleem Chishti, Maktaba Taameer Insaniyat, Lahore, na qabil-e-ta'yeen tareekh, p 526.
Ibid, p 528.
Syed Nazir Niazi, Tashkeel-e-Jadeed Ilahiyat-e-Islamiya, Bazm-e-Iqbal, Lahore, asha'at hashtam, 2019, p 97.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Sharh-e-Payam-e-Mashriq dar Jawab Deewan-e-Sha'ir Almani Goethe, mutarjim: Professor Yusuf Saleem Chishti, Maktaba Taameer Insaniyat, Lahore, na qabil-e-ta'yeen tareekh, p 529.
Jagan Nath Azad, Iqbal aur Maghribi Mufakkireen, Book Corner, Jhelum, 2016, p 11.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Kulliyat-e-Iqbal, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2018, p 621.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Kulliyat-e-Iqbal, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2018, p 578.
Tahseen Firaqi, Doctor, Iqbal Chand Nayee Mabahis, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, taba'a soom, 2019, p 107.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Kulliyat-e-Iqbal, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2018, p 410.
Syed Abdullah, Doctor, Mutala'a-e-Iqbal ke Chand Nayee Rukh, Bazm-e-Iqbal, Lahore, asha'at dom, November 1999, p 81.
Syed Abdullah, Doctor, Iqbal: Masa'il o Mabahis, murattib: Dr. Rafiuddin Hashmi, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, taba'a dom, 2017, p 144.
Germany ka mashhoor Israeli maahir-e-ma'eeshat jis ne sarmayadari ke khilaaf qalami jihad kiya. Us ki mashhoor kitaab ba-unnwaan "Sarmaya" ko mazhab-e-ishtirak ki Bible tasawwur karna chahiye. (Iqbal), Iqbal aur Maghribi Mufakkireen az Jagan Nath Azad, p 91.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Kulliyat-e-Iqbal, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2018, p 648.
Fichte ke saath hi saath Germany ke jahan-e-fikr mein aik aur azeem shakhsiyat numoodaar hui aur yeh shakhsiyat Schopenhauer (1788-1860) ki thi. Fichte ki tarah Schopenhauer bhi Kant se mutaasir hua lekin apne mahol ki ijtima'i nakaami aur mayoosi ne uski fikr ko qunootiyat aur mayoosi ke raste par daal diya. Allama Iqbal ne unka zikr apni tasneef Payam-e-Mashriq mein bhi kiya hai. Iqbal aur Maghribi Mufakkireen az Jagan Nath Azad, p 61.
Nietzsche (1844–1900) ke baare mein Iqbal izhar-e-khayal karte hain:Agar hota woh majzoob-e-farangi is zamane meinTo Iqbal us ko samjhata maqam-e-Kibriya kya hai"Majzoob-e-Farangi" ki wazahat mein likhte hain:"Germany ka mashhoor majzoob Farangi falsafi Nietzsche jo apni qalbi wardoaat ka sahih andaza na kar saka aur us ke falsafiyana afkaar ne usay ghalat raaste par daal diya." Ibid, p 119.
Muhammad Iqbal, Allama, Sharh-e-Payam-e-Mashriq dar Jawab Deewan-e-Sha'ir Almani Goethe, mutarjim: Professor Yusuf Saleem Chishti, Maktaba Taameer Insaniyat, Lahore, na qabil-e-ta'yeen tareekh, p 483