DefinePK

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic consequences of border militarization between Pakistan and Afghanistan, focusing on the impacts on migration patterns, displaced populations, and the humanitarian crisis that arises from restrictive border policies. The research aims to explore how the fortification of borders, including the construction of fences, the deployment of military forces, and increased surveillance, affects refugees and migrants. A qualitative research methodology is employed, analyzing secondary data from reports by the UNHCR, Human Rights Watch, and government publications. Case studies from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan regions of Pakistan are used to illustrate the direct effects of border militarization on migrant populations, with an emphasis on employment challenges, social exclusion, and criminalization of refugees. The findings indicate that border militarization has led to a significant reduction in employment opportunities, limited access to social services, and increased criminalization of refugees. Migrants are often forced into dangerous and illegal migration routes, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Furthermore, humanitarian aid has been severely hindered, worsening the living conditions for displaced populations.
The research underscores the need for a shift in policy towards human security-focused migration management. Border policies must prioritize the human rights of migrants and refugees while balancing security concerns. Regional cooperation and safe migration channels are recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of militarized borders and to ensure the protection and well-being of displaced populations.