DefinePK

Abstract

As these days inserted devices interfacing a wide range of physical items to the IoT, for example, self-adjust cameras, keen devices, clinical instruments , music and video player frameworks and other shrewd devices, where IoT associates various things for offering types of assistance among devices and individuals however security is still remaining parts a test, numerous security issues are looked by IoT based os incorporates programming weaknesses, authentication, malware and numerous other that the information accumulate with IoT is an excess of uproarious and unstructured structure in this way it needs more calculation power for examining and getting the more proficient outcomes from lightweight devices, for example, IoT based devices which requires a productive authentication system for IoT devices. This review paper examines the key security challenges in IoT-based OSs, analyzing over 25 research publications from 2019 to 2025. We focus on vulnerabilities in widely used OSs—TinyOS, Contiki-NG, RIOT, Zephyr, and FreeRTOS—highlighting their attack surfaces, common vulnerabilities, and existing mitigation strategies. A comparative analysis is presented, followed by recommendations and future research directions to improve IoT OS security.