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Abstract

One of the most serious complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is diabetic nephropathy, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. While microalbuminuria is commonly used to detect early kidney damage, relying on it alone may not be enough. Additional markers could help improve early detection and timely treatment. Objectives: To look at how HbA1C levels, a key indicator of blood sugar control, relate to microalbuminuria in people with T2DM. Also, to explore how HbA1C correlates with other markers of kidney function, including the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum urea, creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and random blood sugar (RBS). Methods: The study included 250 participants: 200 patients with T2DM and 50 healthy individuals matched by age and sex. Those with hypertension, kidney disease, urinary tract infections, or other health issues were excluded. Blood and urine samples were collected. Hemoglobin A1C was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and A1C was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20, and correlations were assessed with Pearson’s coefficient. Results: Compared to healthy controls, diabetic patients had significantly higher levels of FBS, RBS, HbA1C, serum urea, creatinine, and microalbuminuria. Higher HbA1C levels were linked with worse kidney function, suggesting that poor blood sugar control may signal early kidney damage. Conclusions: It was concluded that monitoring both HbA1C and microalbuminuria offers a better chance of catching kidney problems early in T2DM patients. Adding both markers to routine screenings could help delay or prevent serious kidney issues.