DefinePK

Abstract

In this research paper, the continued plight of federalism in Pakistan is examined through the lens of a specific province, Balochistan, as a representative case of the larger center-province dynamics in the country. Despite formally being enshrined by the constitution, Pakistan's reality has frequently been that of centralization, province marginalization, and repeated strife, particularly in Balochistan. Based on a broad array of primary and secondary sources, such as academic literature, policy reports, and interviews, this paper discusses the historical development of federalism in Pakistan, the origins of Balochistan's grievances, the effects of constitutional reforms (particularly the 18th Amendment), and the influence of identity, resource allocation, and human rights. Comparative lessons from other federations are also addressed. The analysis opines that only real devolution, fiscal equity, and representative government can make Pakistan stable and unified.
Key Words: Federalism, Balochistan, Pakistan, Provincial Autonomy, Resource Distribution, 18th Amendment, National Integration, Political Marginalization, Human Rights, Comparative Federalism