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Abstract

Background: Hyponatremia is a frequent electrolyte disturbance in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), often contributing to worsened neurological outcomes. Understanding its prevalence and clinical implications is crucial for timely intervention. Objective: To assess the frequency and severity of hyponatremia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes. Study Design: cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted in the neurosurgery and neurology units of a tertiary care hospital. Duration of Study: November 2024 to May 2025. Methods: Fifty-five patients aged above 18 years with radiologically confirmed aSAH (via CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography) were enrolled. Daily serum sodium levels were monitored and categorized as mild (<135 mmol/L), moderate (<130 mmol/L), or severe (<125 mmol/L) hyponatremia. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the time of hospital discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with significance defined at p < 0.05. Results: The mean patient age was 55.2 ± 3.8 years, with females comprising 60% of the study population. The most common aneurysm location was the anterior communicating artery (27.3%). Hyponatremia was observed in all patients: mild in 61.8%, moderate in 29.1%, and severe in 9.1% of cases. Severe hyponatremia showed a significant association with poorer clinical outcomes (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Hyponatremia is highly prevalent among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Severe hyponatremia is notably associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes, underlining the importance of early detection and management in aSAH patients.