DefinePK

Abstract

Background: AAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children, often leading to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and acute kidney injury (AKI).
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of AGE on electrolyte levels and renal function, assessing sodium, potassium, and chloride imbalances and exploring their relationship with disease severity and renal dysfunction
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on 150 pediatric patients (6 months–10 years) diagnosed with AGE at Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital, Bannu, from September 20 to December 20, 2024. Data included clinical assessments, electrolyte levels, and renal function markers. Electrolyte imbalances were defined as hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L), hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L), and hypochloremia (<98 mEq/L), while renal dysfunction was identified by serum creatinine >0.7 mg/dL and BUN >20 mg/dL. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age was 3.8 ± 2.5 years, with a slight male predominance. Diarrhea occurred in all patients, vomiting in 85%, and abdominal pain in 70%. Dehydration was mild (50%), moderate (35%), and severe (15%). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypochloremia were seen in 28%, 30%, and 20% of patients, respectively. Renal dysfunction was observed in 12% (creatinine) and 15% (BUN). Significant correlations were found between disease severity, electrolyte imbalances (r = 0.61), and renal dysfunction (r = 0.64).
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the critical impact of acute gastroenteritis on electrolyte imbalances and renal function in children, highlighting the need for early recognition, targeted interventions, and continuous monitoring to prevent severe complications.