DefinePK

Abstract

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is emerging as largest pandemic in the world. Hyponatremia is common in diabetic patients, early detection helps in decreasing morbidities associated with electrolytes imbalance.
OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence of asymptomatic hyponatremia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having uncontrolled blood glucose levels. The second objective was to evaluate the correlation between the severity of hyponatremia and the duration of uncontrolled diabetes in type 2 diabetic patients.
METHODOLOGY Study was conducted from June 2024 to December 2024 in department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hayatabad Medical complex Peshawar. Total 376 participants, adult diabetic patients of both genders having diabetes for at least last 10 years, clinically stable and with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c>7) were included in the study from the out-patient department. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables while percentages were obtained for categorical variables. Chi square test was used where necessary keeping p vale of ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant.
RESULTS Out of total 376 participants, male participants were 58.24 % while female participants were 41.75%. Hyponatremia was found in 59.3 % patients. 46.63% of male while 53.33% of female participants were suffering from hyponatremia. According to severity of the hyponatremia, it was mild in 57.3% cases, moderate in 30.49% cases while profound in 12.1% cases. Hyponatremia was significantly associated with age and HbA1c levels while it was not associated with gender.
CONCLUSION Asymptomatic hyponatremia has high prevalence in the T2DM patients whose blood glucose levels remain uncontrolled. These imbalances can also be ameliorated in advance to minimize the risk of complications and ultimately benefit diabetes management.
KEYWORDS Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, uncontrolled diabetes