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Abstract

Due to the massive growth of data in the modern era, NoSQL databases have achieved significant popularity for their ability to scale and adapt, making them a favored option for managing extensive data in distributed systems or cloud databases. The primary goal of this research is to explore the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability), BASE (Basically available, soft state, Eventual Consistency), and CAP (Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance) database structuring models to conduct a comparative analysis of ACID and BASE of twelve mostly used NoSQL databases. We also categorize each database with Brewer’s CAP theorem. This research also compares the functional and non-functional features of databases adhering to the discussed models and explores the variety of data stores from each of the four NoSQL categories (Document, Key-value, Column, and Graph). The research summarizes the suggestions, benefits, and challenges of using NoSQL databases based on their applicability to cloud-based environments.