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WHAT MATTERS! PREFERENCE OR ELIGIBILITY? EXAMINING AGENTIC AND COMMUNAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH GENDER, EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND HIERARCHY


Article Information

Title: WHAT MATTERS! PREFERENCE OR ELIGIBILITY? EXAMINING AGENTIC AND COMMUNAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH GENDER, EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND HIERARCHY

Authors: Ayesha Ali

Journal: International Journal of Business Reflections

HEC Recognition History
Category From To
Y 2024-10-01 2025-12-31
Y 2023-07-01 2024-09-30
Y 2021-07-01 2022-06-30

Publisher: University of the Punjab, Lahore

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2025

Volume: 6

Issue: 1

Language: en

DOI: 10.56249/1.06.1.8007

Categories

Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA This research investigated a common phenomenon that men and women are tagged with different qualities, usually stereotyped by gender, employment, and hierarchy. The study aims to investigate whether gender, according to the respective norms, employment statuses and hierarchical levels tend to display communal/ agentic traits in the higher education sector of Lahore, Pakistan. The survey research employed a quantitative method in a cross-sectional setting by employing a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed a difference/ relation between agency with relevance to gender and hierarchy but not employment status as contrasted to communality. The study also presented insights regarding organizational structure, gender and leadership qualities in professional employees. Keywords: behavioral traits, communality, agency, gender, eligibility, employment, hierarchy, higher education, higher management, service sector.


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