DefinePK

Abstract

Sectarianism, a persistent issue in Pakistan, has been significantly influenced by Saudi-Iran geopolitical rivalry. This external involvement has led to sectarian tensions across three conflict-prone regions like Quetta, Parachinar, and Gilgit-Baltistan. This research analyzes the impact of the Saudi-Iran rivalry on sectarian uprisings in Pakistan, with an emphasis on these identified regions. The study explores post-1979 Iranian Revolution period, a turning point that has exacerbated the Saudi-Iran rivalry. While previous studies greatly discuss its geopolitical implications, the current analysis highlights its impacts on regional sectarian conflicts in Pakistan. The research employs two theoretical frameworks (proxy warfare theory and identity politics theory) to examine how sectarian identities have been utilized for regional and strategic gains. A qualitative research design has been used that combines historical analysis with a comparative case study approach. The study has been conducted by examining both primary and secondary sources like academic literature, policy reports, news articles, and expert analysis. This research shows that both internal factors and external struggles, especially Saudi-Iran rivalry, have affected sectarian divisions in Pakistan. The findings of the study can assist policymakers in developing strategies to reduce sectarian violence and bring long-term peace and stability in the affected regions of Pakistan.