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Abstract

To review and explore the published literature to establish an association between cardiovascular diseases andperiodontal ailments, identifying shared risk factors, examining potential mechanisms, and assessing theclinical impact of this association. The systematic review was conducted at Army Medical College, NationalUniversity of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from April 2023 to September 2023. A literature searchwas carried out following PRISMA guidelines using suitable databases, such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, byentering keywords, e.g., 'Periodontal disease and CVDs', 'Periodontal disease and heart disease', 'Periodontitisand CVDs', and 'Periodontitis and heart disease', to find relevant articles published between 2014 and 2023, asper the set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Shortlisted articles were assessed by four reviewers, followed bycloser scrutiny by an additional two reviewers to ensure their suitability for final inclusion. Finally, a Qualitativeassessment of included studies was done to minimize the risk of bias. Of the 97 studies found, only 10 (10.31%)met the inclusion criteria. The common tests run to identify periodontal diseases were periodontal pocketdepth, complete visual oral examination, including radiograph examinations, and plaque index monitoring. Toassess patients' cardiovascular health, polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), blood picture, Platelet functiontests, blood pressure measurement, and testing for biomarkers were conducted. Out of the 10 includedarticles, 3 showed low bias, 4 articles showed medium bias, and 3 showed high bias. This systematic reviewrevealed a positive correlation between, cardiovascular diseases, and periodontal health. Collaborationbetween dental and cardiovascular experts, coupled with advanced research methods, is essential for aprofound understanding of these connections, thus enabling tailored interventions, offering significantimprovements in both cardiovascular and periodontal health.
How to cite this: Gul H, Imtiaz A, Sharif S, Ali A, Rehman S, Bashir A. Relationship between Cardiovascular Diseases and Periodontal Disease – A Systematic Review. Life and Science. 2025; 6(2): 274-283. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.681