DefinePK

Abstract

The emergence of immunotherapy has redefined the therapeutic landscape in veterinary oncology, offering targeted, immune-mediated strategies for managing naturally occurring tumors in companion animals. This study investigated the safety, efficacy, and translational potential of three immunotherapeutic approaches—immune checkpoint inhibitors, autologous cancer vaccines, and adoptive T cell therapy—in a cohort of 120 dogs and cats diagnosed with lymphoma, melanoma, and mast cell tumors. Tumour response, signaling by immune cells, PET imaging, reactions to treatment and how tolerable the treatment was for pets were all evaluated using the three imaging and feedback processes.  Among these treatments, adoptive cell therapy had the highest benefit; followed by checkpoint inhibitors and then vaccinations.  PD-1 showed less expression after treatment, proving the reactivation of immunity and the immune profile increased CD8+ T cells (by up to 3 times), levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B.  More than 90% of the time, the results on PET imaging with PD-1 tracers aligned with tissue analysis. They showed that PD-L1 was more often expressed in high-response melanoma tumours.  Usually, people noticed only minor to moderate problems which included reactions at the place of injection and feeling fatigued.  Thanks to the experience providing benefits to animals and owners alike, pet owners and veterinary specialists were happy and willing to give these therapies another chance.  These findings demonstrate that immunotherapy is important in animals and aids the progress of comparing cancer treatment in pets with humans.  Or they actually help veterinarians manage cancer better and contribute valuable knowledge to the field of human oncology with their successful use of immunotherapy.  Since long-term results are important and therapies should be improved, it makes sense to do more detailed and lengthy studies..