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Abstract

Background: Oligoasthenospermia, marked by low sperm count and reduced motility, accounts for a significant portion of male infertility cases globally.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of oligoasthenospermia and its association with varicocele among male patients in Islamabad.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study
Duration and place of study: Study conducted at SARF Hospital from (March–September 2024).
Methods: Study included 60 male patients age 20–32 years with primary and secondary subfertility. The study analyzed sperm concentration, motility, and varicocele, adhering to inclusion/exclusion criteria, with informed consent, ethical approval, and data confidentiality ensured throughout the research. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0.
Results: Results revealed that 86.7% of participants had primary subfertility, with a mean sperm concentration of 1.13 million/mL, significantly lower than the 5.917 million/mL observed in secondary subfertility cases. Varicocele was present in 85% of the sample, predominantly left-sided (73.3%), with a significant proportion classified as Grade 3 (61.7%). Correlation analysis indicated a weak, non-significant relationship (r = 0.205) between sperm concentration and varicocele presence, suggesting that while varicocele is common, its impact on sperm quality may vary.
Conclusion: The study underscores the need for comprehensive evaluations of male infertility, integrating advanced imaging techniques like Doppler ultrasound to better understand the anatomical factors influencing spermatogenesis. Enhanced diagnostic approaches could lead to tailored interventions, potentially improving reproductive outcomes for affected individuals. Addressing the identified limitations and research gaps is crucial for advancing male reproductive health and clinical practices.