DefinePK

Abstract

This study examines the challenges of translating Pashto non-literary text into English, focusing on Noor Muhammad Ahmadzi’s Jwand Badlawunki Khabary (Life-Changing Talks). Using Nida’s dynamic equivalence (sense-for-sense) theory, the research identifies linguistic, cultural, and structural difficulties and explores effective strategies. Through qualitative analysis of selected passages, the study shows that literal translation often produces unnatural and unclear results, while dynamic equivalence helps preserve meaning, cultural nuance, and readability. The findings highlight the need for translators to adapt sentence structures, handle repetition thoughtsfully, and convey moral and cultural messages appropriately. This research extends the application of Nida’s theory to non-literary texts and emphasizes the importance of cultural and linguistic awareness in Pashto-English translation.