DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women and is frequently associated with adverse psychological outcomes. While its metabolic and reproductive consequences are well-documented, the psychological burden of PCOS remains underexplored. Existing studies suggest elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life, but findings are fragmented and vary by population and methodology, underscoring the need for a comprehensive synthesis.
Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the psychological impact of PCOS on reproductive-aged women, specifically examining the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, body image dissatisfaction, and impaired quality of life.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2018 and 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed observational studies involving women aged 15–49 years with a clinical diagnosis of PCOS and reporting relevant psychological outcomes. Studies were screened and selected independently by two reviewers. Data extraction followed a standardized format, and methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results: Eight studies involving 5,842 women met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, or psychological distress in women with PCOS compared to controls (p < 0.05). Body image dissatisfaction and decreased health-related quality of life were also consistently observed. While the included studies were generally of moderate to high quality, heterogeneity in study designs limited statistical synthesis.
Conclusion: PCOS is strongly associated with adverse psychological outcomes, emphasizing the importance of integrated care models that address both physical and mental health. Although current evidence is robust, further longitudinal and interventional research is necessary to confirm causal pathways and inform comprehensive management strategies.