DefinePK

Abstract

Background: The third trimester of pregnancy is associated with increased physiological and emotional stress, which often manifests as heightened anxiety and sleep disturbances. These conditions can adversely affect maternal health and fetal outcomes if left unaddressed.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of anxiety and sleep disturbances among women in their third trimester of pregnancy and explore associated sociodemographic and obstetric factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over eight months at tertiary care hospitals and maternity clinics in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 355 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multivariable linear regression were applied using SPSS version 26.
Results: Moderate to severe anxiety was observed in 44.8% of participants, while 72.7% reported poor sleep quality. Significant associations were found between higher anxiety scores and unemployment (p = 0.003), lower education levels (p = 0.021), and primigravida status (p = 0.047). Poor sleep quality also correlated positively with anxiety levels (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed employment status, education level, and parity as independent predictors of anxiety severity.
Conclusion: Anxiety and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in the third trimester of pregnancy and are influenced by key sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Early identification and targeted interventions are essential for improving maternal mental health and ensuring better pregnancy outcomes.