DefinePK

Abstract

This study examines the impact of teachers and management on technical and vocational education (TVE) in Sindh, Pakistan, with a focus on curriculum quality, teacher training, industry collaboration, and employment outcomes. The research was conducted in six major districts of Sindh: Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Jacobabad, and Mirpurkhas. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative surveys (N = 300) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 30 stakeholders (teachers, students, administrators, and industry professionals). Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, revealed that training quality significantly affects graduate employability (p < 0.01). The findings highlight outdated curricula, lack of modern resources, and weak industry ties as major challenges. The study recommends curriculum updates, improved teacher training, stronger industry partnerships, and increased digital skills integration to enhance employment opportunities in Sindh’s vocational sector.