DefinePK

Abstract

Gastric ulcers, a prevalent manifestation of peptic ulcer disease, are largely influenced by oxidative stress arising from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural antioxidants such as ferulic acid, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol have demonstrated promising gastroprotective effects through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective actions. However, their clinical utility is hindered by poor solubility, instability in gastric environments, and limited bioavailability. Targeted nano delivery systems including polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, and dendrimers offer innovative solutions to these challenges. These nanocarriers enhance drug solubility, protect active compounds from degradation, improve mucoadhesion, enable controlled release, and facilitate site-specific delivery. This review explores the mechanisms by which nanoparticles aid in ulcer healing, evaluates various nanocarrier types employed for antioxidant delivery, and highlights case studies, particularly ferulic acid-based systems. It also addresses the translational hurdles and future directions in nano formulation-based therapy for gastric ulcer management. The integration of nanotechnology with natural antioxidant therapy holds substantial promise for advancing the efficacy and precision of ulcer treatments.