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Abstract

The present study investigated the antiurolithiatic potential of methanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris (Gokshura) in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Sprague Dawley rats. Urolithiasis was experimentally induced by administering 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. The study design included curative and preventive groups treated with T. terrestris extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses, along with a standard drug-treated group. Acute toxicity studies confirmed the extract's safety up to 2000 mg/kg as per OECD guideline 423. Biochemical estimations of urinary and serum parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen were performed. Histopathological evaluation and physical parameters like urinary volume and kidney weight were also assessed. Results indicated a significant reduction in lithogenic factors in both treatment models, with more pronounced effects in the preventive group. The extract significantly decreased calcium and phosphate excretion, normalized serum biochemical markers, improved urine output, and prevented kidney enlargement. Histological analysis supported the protective effect by showing reduced tubular damage and crystal deposition. Overall, the findings validate the traditional use of Tribulus terrestris in urolithiasis and suggest its potential as a safe and effective phytotherapeutic agent for preventing and managing renal stone formation.