DefinePK

Abstract

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have recently been of great interest because of their unique properties and versatility in applications across various industries, especially in medicine and dentistry. High surface-area-to-volume ratios, bio-physio-chemical functionalization, and antimicrobial and therapeutic capabilities make them effective in various biomedical applications, such as dental materials, wound healing, and cancer treatment. Recent developments in the approach of the green synthesis using extracts of plants and microorganisms have shown significant improvement toward ecofriendliness, biocompatibility, and enhancement of CuNPs functionalities, alleviating concerns about their sustainability and safety. CuNPs has shown promising anticancer effects through various mechanisms like ROS production, mitochondrial disruption, and inhibition of signaling pathways. They also provide tremendous action against microbial resistance and stimulate rapid healing of chronic wounds because of angiogenesis and tissue repair. Multifunctional hydrogels and functionalized scaffolds are the other innovative developments that emphasize the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of CuNPs. This review focuses on the properties, synthesis, and therapeutic applications of CuNPs, which have a potential to overcome global health challenges and transform clinical and industrial practices