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Abstract

Background: Chronic metabolic disorder Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, which is associated with a range of complications, particularly vascular complications that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality among patients. The ability to predict these complications early is crucial for preventive strategies and patient management. This study provides an overview of the practicality of platelet parameters for predicting vascular complications in type 2 diabetes patients, highlighting their importance in diabetes management and the potential benefits of incorporating them into clinical practice as accessible and cost-effective biomarkers for early risk assessment and improved patient management in the context of a global health challenge.
Method:  The study included 250 T2DM patients and 125 non-diabetic individuals. Participants were selected using convenience sampling from outpatient and inpatient departments. The diabetic group was further categorized based on the presence or absence of vascular complications. Laboratory analyses were conducted to determine HbA1C levels and platelet parameters. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0, applying non-parametric methods to evaluate platelet indices, HbA1c levels, and demographic variables.
Result: Elevated HbA1c, platelet count, MPV (Mean Platelet Volume), and PDW (Platelet Distribution Width) values were observed in T2DM patients with vascular complications, distinguishing them from T2DM patients without such complications and healthy subjects. The patient with Diabetes Mellitus and vascular complications exhibited an MPV of 14.44 fL, PDW of 19.21%, and a platelet count of 488.8 x 10^3/µL. These values surpass the normal ranges, suggesting heightened platelet activity, size variability, and a prothrombotic state.
Conclusion: The integration of MPV and PDW platelet indices could be an economical approach to T2DM vascular risk management, potentially bettering healthcare in rural settings.