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Abstract

Background: Homoeopathy, developed by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796, is an alternative medical system grounded in the principle of “similia similibus curentur”, use of potentized remedies, and a holistic view of health. Despite widespread use, especially in countries like India and parts of Europe, its scientific validity remains contested due to its divergence from established biomedical paradigms.
Objective: This review critically examines the theoretical foundations, scientific evidence, and philosophical paradigms underpinning Homoeopathy, with an aim to evaluate its credibility and explore recent advancements in its scientific validation.
Methods: The paper analyzes key homoeopathic principles such as the law of similars, potentization, vital force, and miasm theory. It reviews findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, observational studies, and mechanistic research including nanoparticle analysis and systems biology. It also discusses epistemological considerations and recent technological integrations like AI and network pharmacology.
Results: Findings suggest that while some clinical studies report therapeutic benefits of Homoeopathy, high-quality trials often equate its efficacy to placebo. Mechanistic explanations, such as “water memory” and nanoparticle presence, remain scientifically controversial. Challenges include lack of reproducibility, methodological variability, and difficulties in applying standardized RCT frameworks to individualized homoeopathic treatments. However, pragmatic trials and integrative models show promise in capturing real-world effects.
Conclusion: Homoeopathy occupies a unique position in integrative medicine. Though it lacks universal scientific acceptance, emerging research and evolving methodologies may bridge gaps in understanding its effects. Ethical concerns persist regarding its use in serious conditions without conventional support. A balanced approach acknowledging both scientific rigor and holistic care perspectives is vital for its future integration