DefinePK

Abstract

Road construction plays a vital role in economic development and connectivity, yet it poses significant environmental challenges. This paper, investigates the ecological, economic, and social impacts of various road-building practices. By utilizing life-cycle assessment (LCA), case studies, cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and stakeholder interviews, the study compares traditional materials like asphalt and concrete with sustainable alternatives such as permeable pavements, recycled aggregates, and low-carbon construction methods. Case studies from diverse geographic regions analyze the performance, environmental footprint, maintenance demands, and public perception of each material and technique. Tools like SimaPro are employed to quantify environmental costs including carbon emissions, water use, energy consumption, and pollution. Social and economic dimensions are examined through surveys and interviews with engineers, urban planners, and the public. The study also explores the barriers to adopting green technologies, such as regulatory constraints, cost concerns, and technical limitations. A key component of this research is Regional Variability Analysis, which assesses the effectiveness of different materials based on climate and local resources. Statistical methods such as ANOVA and thematic analysis are applied to evaluate quantitative and qualitative data. The expected outcome is a region-specific, sustainable framework to guide future road construction practices by balancing environmental protection with economic viability and social acceptance.