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Abstract

This study, conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Naraina Medical College and Research Centre, Kanpur, from January 2024 to January 2025 to investigate the prognostic importance of N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in patients admitted to the internal medicine department. NT-proBNP has emerged as an essential biomarker not only for the diagnosis of heart failure but also for predicting outcomes in both cardiac and non-cardiac conditions. This retrospective analysis involved 600 patients, who were categorized into two outcome groups: those who were discharged and those who were either transferred to the intensive care unit or died during hospitalization. NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in the ICU/Deceased group compared to the discharged group (mean: 3732.15 ± 7297 vs. 10923 ± 12572 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a cutoff point of >1826 pg/ml, above which the risk of ICU admission or death increased 5.44-fold. Subgroup analysis showed that elevated NT-proBNP levels were a significant independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with and without cardiac symptoms (p < 0.001). The findings underscore NT-proBNP’s value as an early warning biomarker to support clinical decision-making, optimize resource allocation, and guide personalized treatment strategies. Incorporating NT-proBNP into standardized e-health monitoring and triage systems may reduce delays in critical care, improve hospital efficiency, and support outcome-focused healthcare governance. These results demonstrate the potential of NT-proBNP to bridge the gap between diagnostic precision and public health policy, enhancing both clinical outcomes and infrastructure utilization