DefinePK

Abstract

Aim: Ancient Indian medicine has long employed the xerophytic plant Aloe vera (Family: Liliaceae) to treat several diseases and disorders, including diabetes and cancer, despite the limited scientific validation of these claims. This study aimed to identify and characterize secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of A. vera leaves and assess their anti-cancer effects. In-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed against human OAW42 (ovarian) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines, while the in-vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated using the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumour model in Wistar rat model.
Background: Among two prepared fractions of Aloe vera extraction such as ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EAF) and the chloroform fraction (CF), EAF executed higher potency compared to others and was further utilized to isolate bioactive compounds, Barbaloin (1) and Gallic acid (2), which exhibited significant anti-cancer activity in both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. We further examined the antitumor activity of the ethyl acetate extract and the isolated compounds effectively modulated tumour-associated parameters and restored various hematological indices in EAC tumour-bearing rat.
Objectives: The basic objective of this research work is to describe the significant molecular mechanism of barbaloin and gallic acid against the cancer activity against MCF-7 and OAW42 cancer cell lines in-vitro and in a Wistar rat model in-vivo.
Methods: Barbaloin and gallic acid demonstrated dose-dependent growth inhibition along with the significant IC50 values for barbaloin and gallic acid against MCF-7 and OAW42 cell lines. Flow cytometry revealed that both compounds induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Western blot analysis exhibited modulation of apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory proteins. In-vivo studies in Wistar rats with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma demonstrated that barbaloin and gallic acid treatment decreased the significant parameters of cancers compared to controls.
Results: Comparing with barbaloin and gallic acid with their individual effect to the combination of those, the combination of these compounds exhibits promising anti-cancer activities both in the study of in-vitro and in-vivo. Tumor volume is quantified based on the volume of ascitic fluid, the number of viable tumor cells present in that fluid which can be surgically removed from the animal body.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that barbaloin and gallic acid individually possess significant anti-cancer activities individually and in combination against MCF-7 breast cancer and OAW42 ovarian cancer cell lines in-vitro and in a Wistar rat model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in-vivo. The combination of barbaloin and gallic acid significantly decrease the viable cell count and increase the non-viable cell count.