DefinePK

Abstract

1,3-Thiazole compounds have garnered considerable interest due to their diverse biological activities and adaptable chemical structures. An extensive summary of 1,3-thiazole derivative synthesis, physicochemical characteristics, and biological uses is given in this review. A wide range of synthetic procedures is covered in depth, including metal-catalyzed and green chemistry techniques, as well as more contemporary approaches, such as the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis. The thiazole moiety is a useful scaffold in drug development because of its strong binding affinity to a variety of biological targets, which is facilitated by its structural flexibility and electrical properties. Additionally, the development of more potent thiazole-based treatments with enhanced selectivity and decreased toxicity has been directed by structure-activity relationship (SAR) research. 1,3-thiazole compounds have been investigated in agrochemicals, dyes, and materials science in addition to pharmacological uses. This review highlights recent advancements in developing thiazole-based heterocyclic compounds, emphasizing their role as a key scaffold in biological and medicinal applications