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Abstract

This paper critically explores the ethical framework of science through the lens of Islamic thought, offering an in-depth analysis of how scientific inquiry is guided by moral and spiritual principles in Islam. While contemporary scientific ethics often rely on secular models grounded in humanism, Islam presents a divinely anchored system where knowledge (‘ilm) is pursued not merely for empirical advancement but as a sacred duty, deeply interwoven with ethical accountability. The study highlights foundational Islamic concepts such as tawḥīd (Divine Unity), niyyah (intention), amanah (trust) and maṣlaḥah (public good) as critical components of a morally responsible scientific framework. Drawing on primary Islamic sources, the Qur’ān and Sunnah, as well as the works of classical scholars like Al-Ghazālī, Ibn Rushd and modern thinkers such as Dr. Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi, the paper argues that science in Islam must serve higher moral purposes and societal welfare. The integration of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher objectives of Islamic law) provides a dynamic and contextually adaptable ethical model for contemporary scientific challenges, including bioethics, environmental concerns and technological disruption. By comparing Islamic and secular paradigms of scientific ethics, the study reveals Islam’s holistic vision of knowledge where reason and revelation work in harmony. The article concludes that reviving this ethical tradition is essential for aligning modern science with human dignity, social justice and spiritual awareness. This research serves as a step toward developing a comprehensive, faith-based ethical framework that addresses both classical guidance and modern realities in the scientific circles.