DefinePK

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into criminal justice systems worldwide is revolutionizing how law enforcement, courts, and correctional institutions function. From predictive policing to risk assessment tools in sentencing, algorithmic decision-making is increasingly shaping human lives. While these technologies promise efficiency and objectivity, they raise urgent and complex legal questions. This paper critically explores the rise of “algorithmic justice” and the legal challenges surrounding the regulation of AI in criminal law. It investigates the tension between technological innovation and fundamental legal principles such as due process, presumption of innocence, and equal protection under the law.
Through comparative legal analysis of jurisdictions including the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and China, this study examines how different systems are responding to the risks of bias, opacity, and lack of accountability in AI-driven tools. It reveals significant gaps in existing legal frameworks and highlights the inadequacy of traditional doctrines when applied to autonomous or semi-autonomous systems. Particular attention is given to the ethical implications for marginalized communities, where algorithmic tools have already demonstrated systemic discrimination.
This paper argues for a comprehensive legal and ethical rethinking of how justice is administered in the age of AI. It calls for transparent design standards, robust oversight mechanisms, and international cooperation to ensure that the pursuit of technological progress does not come at the expense of human rights and legal fairness. In doing so, it offers actionable policy recommendations to help shape a future where justice remains both intelligent and humane.