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Abstract

Orientalist approaches to the study of the Qur'an and its sciences have long differed from traditional Islamic methods, often reflecting a lack of objectivity and neutrality. Many Orientalists have approached the Qur'an with preconceived assumptions, particularly the belief that it is a human product rather than divine revelation. This foundational bias has influenced their research and led to conclusions that contradict the core beliefs of Muslims. The focus of Orientalist studies has not only been the text of the Qur'an but also the disciplines that support its interpretation, such as Qur'anic sciences and exegesis (tafsir). Historically, early Orientalist works were marked by overt hostility toward the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and Islamic teachings. However, modern Orientalism has shown a shift toward more nuanced and academically refined approaches, although this change is more in degree than in essence. Despite this, Orientalist studies remain valuable for understanding Western perspectives and methodologies in Qur'anic scholarship. It is important to critically engage with these studies to uncover their motives and assess their contributions. A comparative analysis reveals that many Orientalist interpretations are still shaped by skepticism and fail to appreciate the Qur'an’s spiritual and linguistic uniqueness.