DefinePK

Abstract

Abstract | A field survey was conducted in the wheat fields of four districts (Peshawar, Mardan, Charsadda and Swat) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during 2018-19. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the farmers. Among the interviewed farmers, 40% were between the ages of 35 and 50 years, while 52% were having high school education. All respondents confirmed the use of herbicides, with 42% considering them the most effective strategy for weed control. Data analysis revealed that three aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and diclofop-methyl) are employed to control various grass weeds, such as little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor L.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.). In the studied areas, 41% of respondents reported that little seed canary grass persisted despite treatment with the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl. Our findings highlight the urgent need for continued research and development of more effective herbicide solutions to improve weed management and address the challenges faced by farmers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.