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Abstract

Background and Objectives The objective of the study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in poultry feeds, faeces, drinking water and litters sampled from Teaching and Research Poultry Farm and Wilson Poultry Farm located in Maiduguri the capital city of Borno State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods The study design was a cross sectional study. A total of 120 samples were collected with 60 samples each from the two locations. Fifteen samples each from poultry faeces drinking water, feeds and litters were collected using convenience sampling technique. About 10 g each of the samples from faeces, feeds and litters were weighed. Similarly, 10 mL of water sample were equally measured. Faeces, feeds and litters were collected in plastic bags and drinking water in aseptic sample bottles and then labeled properly. Isolation and identification of Salmonella were performed according to standard bacteriological protocol. Susceptibility testing of Salmonella isolates to 10 different antimicrobial agents was carried out using disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel version 2010. Results The overall prevalence of Salmonella in poultry samples from Teaching and Research Poultry Farm was found to be 31.67. The highest prevalence of 53.33 was obtained from faeces followed by litters 33.33 and 20.00 was recorded for samples obtained from feeds and drinking water, respectively. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in poultry samples from Wilson Poultry Farm was found to be 46.67. Higher prevalence of 80.00 was obtained for samples from litters, followed by faeces 66.67, while 26.67 and 13.3 were associated with drinking water and feeds, respectively. The resistance and sensitivity pattern were displayed by 24 Salmonella isolates to 10 anti-microbial agents. Septrin SXT, Amplicin PN and Ceporex CEP had the highest resistance of 5 10.64, 4 8.51 and 4 8.51 to Salmonella isolates, while Ciproflox CPX showed no resistance 0.00. The Salmonella isolates recorded higher sensitivity to Ciproflox CPX, 12 25.53, Tarivid OFX, 10 21.28, Augmentin AU and Reflacine PEF, 9 19.15. Conclusion From the results of this study, it has been demonstrated that the Salmonella present in poultry feeds, faeces, drinking water and litters may pose a risk to humans who are poultry consumers.