DefinePK

Abstract

The study examined microbial contamination by street food vendors in Mardon and Novashera districts of Pakistan to evaluate its role in foodborn disease transmission. A total of 50 -handed swab samples were collected from vendors operated in four major markets (Bakhli, Dagai, Hakim Abad, and Akora Khattak). The samples were enriched in LB broth, the nutrients were cultured on agar, and the grams for identity were blurred, catalyzed and subject to oxides testing. The results showed that 75% of the samples (n = 38) contain at least one pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was separated from 38% (n = 19) samples, while Eschherichia Kolai was found in 30% (N = 15). Other gram-negative bacteria, including protruses, pseudomonas and salmonella SPP, were also detected, which was an accounting for isolates 20% (n = 10). Village staining revealed 54% gram positive Cocci and 46% gram-negative rods. Optical density (OD) price before hygiene was significantly higher than that of ethanol disinfection, confirming the effectiveness of ethanol in reducing bacterial loads. The level of contamination with stained and hakim abad varies at places, with high OD values ​​and bacterial recovery rates. Conclusions suggest that insufficient hand hygiene among food vendors is a major risk factor for food-borne infections, especially in low-solution urban settings. This study underlines food safety education, provisions of hygiene facilities, and strict monitoring of strict monitoring to reduce pathogen transmission in road-disinterested foods.