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Abstract

Background: Medication errors are a major cause of preventable harm in healthcare settings and remain a global concern, with nurses playing a central role in medication administration. Despite their significance, underreporting of medication errors continues to impede improvement in patient safety practices. Understanding the causes behind this underreporting is vital for developing effective strategies that promote a culture of transparency and learning within hospitals.
Aim: This study aimed to explore the reasons behind underreporting of medication errors by nurses in hospital settings and to identify key factors influencing their reporting behavior.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 registered nurses at Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of demographic details and items assessing knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward medication error reporting. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, applying descriptive statistics and percentage distribution.
Results: Findings revealed that while 90% of nurses agreed that reporting improves patient safety, only 63.9% were aware of their hospital’s error reporting policy, and 53.3% understood the reporting steps. The main barriers identified included fear of punishment (82.2%), lack of feedback (73.3%), workload (69.4%), and unclear reporting systems (61.1%). Positive attitudes toward reporting were observed, but systemic and cultural factors hindered consistent compliance.
Conclusion: Underreporting of medication errors remains a multifactorial challenge driven by fear, inadequate systems, and lack of managerial support. Promoting non-punitive reporting, regular feedback, and continuous training can enhance patient safety culture.