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Abstract

Background
Vascular lesions of the oral cavity are diverse in nature and vary in clinical presentation, anatomical location, and underlying pathology. Accurate identification of their frequency and distribution is essential for effective diagnosis and management. To determine the prevalence and distribution of various types of oral cavity vascular lesions in a sample of patients attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Khyber College of Dentistry.
Methods
This six-month cross-sectional study included 80 individuals with clinically or radiologically confirmed vascular lesions in the oral cavity. Demographic and clinical data were recorded on a structured proforma. Superficial lesions were diagnosed clinically, while deep lesions were confirmed with imaging or histopathology. SPSS version 22 was utilized in the analysis. Categorical variables were also estimated in terms of frequencies and percentages, with age represented as an average and standard deviation. Associations were found using chi-square and Fisher's exact measures, with p-values less than 0.05 indicating significance.
ResultsThe patients had an average age of 22.13 ± 11.60 years and were slightly more in female (53.75%). Vascular malformation (56.3%) was identified as the most common type of lesion, followed by pyogenic granuloma (31.3%) and hemangioma (12.5%). The buccal mucosa was the most involved area (28.8%), with the mandible and maxilla being the least affected. In stratified analysis, there was a significant correlation between mandibular involvement and lesion type (p = 0.0416), and between age group and involvement of both buccal mucosa (p = 0.0379) and mandible (p = 0.0129).
ConclusionThe most common type of oral vascular lesion is with the buccal mucosa being the most frequently affected site. Age and lesion type were identified as key factors influencing lesion distribution. These findings highlight the importance of age- and location-dependent evaluation in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.