DefinePK

Abstract

Background: Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a significant public health challenge that contributes to high mortality and morbidity rates in children under 5 years of age, particularly in developing countries. SAM can manifest as either marasmus or kwashiorkor, both of which require immediate medical intervention. Diarrhea and infections complicate the recovery process and are commonly associated with delayed recovery times. Understanding the causes, complications, and treatment outcomes of SAM is essential for improving recovery rates and reducing mortality.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the causes and complications of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and assess the treatment outcomes in children under five years of age at the Nutrition Stabilization Center (NSC) in Khairpur.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, involving 246 children diagnosed with SAM according to WHO criteria. The study included children with either marasmus or kwashiorkor, and data were collected on demographics, clinical signs, nutritional status, and treatment outcomes. Key anthropometric measurements, such as MUAC, weight-for-height z-scores, and bilateral pitting edema, were recorded. Follow-ups were conducted to monitor recovery, relapse, and complications such as diarrhea and pneumonia.
Results: Of the 246 children, 67% had marasmus, and 33% had kwashiorkor. The overall recovery rate was 75%, while 12% of the children experienced relapse, and 6% died during treatment. Complications including diarrhea and pneumonia were significant predictors of delayed recovery. Children who received amoxicillin for diarrhea showed a 25% higher recovery rate compared to those who did not receive the antibiotic (p-value = 0.01). The average weight gain was 10g/kg/day, and MUAC improvement was noted in 78% of the children.
Conclusion: SAM remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Marasmus was the most prevalent form of malnutrition. Key factors influencing recovery included early intervention, effective treatment of infections, and nutritional rehabilitation. The study highlights the importance of improving feeding practices, early detection, and antibiotic use in managing SAM. Further research and enhanced healthcare strategies are needed to reduce relapse rates and improve long-term outcomes in children affected by SAM