DefinePK

Abstract

This study examined the effect of seasonal changes on the nutritional composition of three commonly consumed freshwater fish species Cyprinus carpio (Gulfam), Labeo rohita (Rohu), and Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia), collected from the Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. Samples collected during winter and summer were analyzed for protein, fat, moisture, and ash levels in the muscle, liver, gills, and heart tissues using established analytical methods. The findings revealed higher protein and ash concentrations during the colder months, whereas fat levels varied by species and tissue type. These results highlight the significance of seasonality and organ-specific characteristics in determining the dietary quality of freshwater fish, and can guide improved nutritional planning and fishery management.